Nature and nurture: Forming attitudes and behaviors

Nature and sustain: Forming perspectives and practices How far is that human emotions and practices are inherent and how far would they say they are totally learned? This has been an exceptionally disputable issue over century and it is presently seemed to be the nature versus support banter. By birth the equivalent, by custom diverse is a citation by Confucius which implies that all individual are normally indistinguishable, the propensities make every one of each person far separated and not the same as one another. Evolutional point of view which accentuates on human family relationship and social viewpoint which centers around human decent variety are the two fundamental thoughts that ruling the considering human likenesses and contrasts in social orders these days. A few researchers held the sentiment that individuals carry on as they do due to their hereditary cosmetics. This is the thing that we known as the idea of human conduct or mentality. While then again, some researcher guess that individuals think and act as indicated by t he manner in which they are being educated and this is then known as the support of human conduct. A great deal of exploration have been done and demonstrated that the two sides are incompletely right. Nature grants us with intrinsic attributes and ability and support utilizes the earth elements to form and shape these hereditary propensities. As I would see it, I imagine that human practices are generally formed by the earth, in other word sustain have a greater impact in structuring our character and conduct. Evolutional brain science recognizes that nature and sustain associate to shape our conduct and character. Our natural characteristics are not fixed outlines, their demeanor depend on the earth factors. One of the old style models is the trial done by an American clinician John Watson with a youthful vagrant name Albert. The outcome shows that fear could be clarified by old style molding, a natural learning. The little Albert began crying each time he see a fuzzy article since he has discovered that the textured item will continually join by a noisy Bang stable that going to frighten him. Other clinician like B.F. Skinner, the dad of social science has additionally done trials which created moving pigeons and demonstrated that human conduct could be molded in comparative manner to the creature. Plus, an examination distributed in New Scientist recommend that comical inclination isn't hereditarily intrinsic however an educated characteristic that initiate by individuals and social. Cl early, condition unquestionably assumes a job in molding people conduct and characteristics. On the off chance that this isn't the situation, the indistinguishable twins ought to be actually the equivalent hypothetically even they have been raised in better place. In any case, considers uncover that they are never the very same despite the fact that they are a lot of the same in many viewpoints. Social assorted variety is one of the prevailing components that cause contrasts among individuals. There are a huge number of various culture exist over the world, social assorted variety even exist inside country. Malaysia is an excellent model for social assorted variety inside country, regardless of the diverse of the physical look among Chinese, Indian and Malay, we are largely living under a similar situation and taking a similar food but what make us so particular from one another? Every one of us rehearses diverse culture and convention base on our race and religion, so base on various accept that we held, our conduct and thinking will never be the equivalent despite the fact that we are on the whole essentially living under a similar rooftop. Then again, the social decent variety is considerably increasingly clear when individuals are from various piece of the world. The language, customs, culture, and expressive practices that change starting with one nation then onto the n ext nation make individuals not quite the same as one another. Also, because of the variables above, individuals from various piece of the world could hold distinctive sentiment about a similar issue. A few social orders don't wear shoes in house while different social orders rehearsing it; a few social orders consider investigating people groups eyes while talking is a demonstration of courteousness while some different social orders consider such activity as ill bred. Notwithstanding that, change in child rearing style in collectivist culture and individualistic culture gives an away from of social assorted variety between various social orders. Child rearing style is extraordinarily affected by the social setting of a specific culture in light of the fact that the social setting will have sway on guardians virtues, accept, and socialization objectives. In this way, what is consider typical in one culture perhaps named as unusual at another culture. Studies have demonstrated that independence and cooperation social orders regularly hold various perspectives and worth when showing their youngster. The child rearing style in community social orders accentuate on acquiescence, self-control and the significance to do well in school. Besides, the kids are relied upon to live with their folks until they get wed. While on the opposite side of the token, the guardians in the independence social orders treat their youngsters absolutely in a contrary manner. They urge their youngsters to voice out their feeling and retaliate at whatever point the kids think they are right. The guardians in independence social orders, typically the westerners give significantly more opportunity to their youngsters contrast with the guardians in cooperation social orders. Besides, the offspring of the westerners are relied upon to live with their own when they arrive at the age of 18 since they are considered as grown-up and should have the option to remain on their own feet. In this ma nner, we can envision that how enormous the distinctive is it when individuals are being raised with various culture. At some point, all the individuals carry on in a similar way under certain circumstance; this has nothing to do with our natural quality however is because of the normal practice. Normal practices are additionally one of the elements that direct human practices and mentalities. Standards is the principles for acknowledged and expected conduct which society endorse as legitimate conduct. The greater part of our practices are to a great extent shape by the general public and individuals only occasionally conflict with what the general public anticipate that us should do as we terrified that we will be dismissed by the general public. For example, stop when the traffic light turn red, open the entryway for an old woman, and stay silent in the library. Attempt to envision you talk boisterously while everyone is quietly concentrating in the library, what will occur? Unquestionably everyone will take a gander at you one kind. Moreover, there are additionally standards that we share across various culture. Regardless of what nation are we in and what culture are we rehearsing, we regard our companions protection and don't uncover things said in certainty. This is known as general companionship standards. Other than that, there are additionally all inclusive status standards where individuals will talk in a progressively aware manner when conversing with a higher-status individuals, for instance instructor and talk in an increasingly easygoing manner when the individual is same level as you, for instance companions. Finally, the most popular widespread standards would be the untouchable against inbreeding. Sexual action is disallowed among relative, neither guardians with kids, nor kin with one another. Along these lines, individuals will administer their conduct in any case their hereditary cosmetics so as to evade dismissal from the general population. Without a doubt, hereditary cosmetics makes an immense diverse among male and female. Male and female are destined to be genuinely unique, female is destined to be has 70% progressively fat, 40% less muscle, 5 inches shorter and 40 pounds lighter than male. Be that as it may, organic qualities just make diverse in genders not sexual orientation. Sex is the qualities individuals allot to male and female. Once more, the general public dole out explicit sexual orientation job for people so the general public can work well with every one of the sex do their alloted job and duty appropriately. Numerous individuals imagine that men are destined to be progressively prevailing and apathetic and ladies are destined to be increasingly passionate and delicate which I don't believe is valid. Because of the sexual orientation job distribute to male and female, they are being raised in an alternate route since they were youthful. Men are believed to be progressively free, defensive, and dispassion ate in light of the fact that since hundreds of years prior men have been the leader of the house, they are capable to take care of and ensure the family; while ladies are believed to be increasingly enthusiastic, delicate, and compliance since they are the person who going to bring forth infant, fare thee well and educate of the kid. They don't should be solid in light of the fact that their activity is remain and deal with everything in the house. Subsequently, the sustain causes the two genders carry on in certain manner and I feel that men will stand apart to be increasingly prevailing is because of the sexual orientation job that has been allot to them. Men are constantly given need in the work place as their wages are consistently higher contrasted with the ladies who have same situation as them and they are commonplace of those in higher-status positions. Thus, it is unassailable that men have higher status than ladies in the general public and consequently they are increasin gly predominant. Then again ladies are increasingly enthusiastic appended and express sympathy all the more frequently is on the grounds that they are being raised and train in that manner. Thus, the passionate characteristic inside ladies isn't inborn however learns through the families and condition. More or less, nature and sustain associate in shaping our mentalities and practices. However, similarly as I demonstrate the focuses over that in reality sustain has a greater impact than nature in deciding human demeanor and practices. On the off chance that human conduct can be decide with only natural attributes, there won't have such a large number of unsolved inquiry and uncertainty about human reasoning and conduct, nor the ways out of brain research, human science, human sciences to examine the presence, culture, and conduct of person. Nature and culture assume a significant job in the sustain some portion of embellishment our character and conduct. On the off chance that without the presence of social assorted variety, I accept that the entirety of the individuals around the globe will be a lot of likely carry on in a similar way as all of us has a similar culture and the natural characteristics just pl

Critically evaulate the view that international organisations and Essay

Fundamentally evaulate the view that worldwide associations and worldwide administration frameworks are undemocratic - Essay Example In reality, it is a lot of conceivable to see that worldwide foundations, for example, International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank and World Trade Organization (WTO) do assume a functioning job in the administration, political and financial association of numerous nations from around the globe. Significantly, the issue of shortfall of popular government fundamentally emerges from the way that while the country states are at any rate hypothetically responsible to the national common society, the universal foundations are responsible to none. All the country states don't employ equivalent force in huge numbers of the transnational organizations. Additionally, on the off chance that we take a gander at the inward structure and influence balance inside, the greater part of the worldwide establishments are tilting towards the rich nations of the Global South. Worldwide Institutions, Global Governance and Lack of Global Democracy The creation of quickened globalization was described by t he move of administration from the national to the worldwide. The country state is by and large progressively tested by the powers of globalization. At present, the majority rule government is exclusively communicated through national governments and their establishments. At the end of the day, the national parliament is the main homestead of majority rule government. Nonetheless, the ascent of universal associations has prompted their developing grasp on the national economies, governmental issues and arrangements. It is followed the ascent of untouchable powers of neoliberal private enterprise which adequately outperform any thought of national and famous sway. It has prompted a sort of worldwide first class union as there exists no world parliament. In any case, the nonattendance of world parliament doesn't consequently deciphered as the nonappearance of worldwide power. Worldwide sway unquestionably exists as the merged and thought intensity of worldwide market powers and their establishments. It is basically a direct result of this absence of majority rules system inside, the gatherings of global money and exchange foundations pull in tremendous opposition from activists and political gatherings from around the globe. The democratic rights in a significant establishment such worldwide fiscal reserve depends on relative vote wherein ‘one nation, one vote’ guideline isn't followed. Actually, nations get their democratic rights dependent on their monetary offer in the foundation. The United States specifically and the West by and large are likewise ready to apply disproportional impact in the dynamic bodes of IMF and World Bank. One of the serious issues with worldwide administration associations is that they don't legitimately draw their authenticity structure any well known sources. At the end of the day, the authenticity of the worldwide foundations is exclusively relied on their capacity to intercede and act unequivocally in specific circums tances and spots. In spite of the fact that, there is a ton of chat on the rise of a worldwide common society which could adequately counter the absence of vote based system in worldwide administration foundations, nothing yet has emerged. On the other hand, the purported worldwide common society itself is transcendently overwhelmed by numerous Non Governmental Organizations which are responsible not to the individuals however to the financing offices. In the topic of straightforwardness as well, the status of worldwide transnational associations isn't totally different from the worldwide fund or political foundations. Here, the very absence of portrayal of the voice of the creating

MIT Computer Timesharing in the 1960s

MIT Computer Timesharing in the 1960’s MIT science reporter John Fitch interviewing computer science professor Fernando J. Corbato at the MIT Computation Center in 1963. Today, in my  15.565 Digital Evolution: Managing Web 3.0 class, we learned of the philosophy behind cloud computing. Cloud computing is the means by which data is stored, accessed, and shared across a network of servers on the Internet rather than on your personal computer. Think Dropbox and even Google. We learned that this mode of computing is not all that different from a similar concept called computer timesharing back in the 60s, although that looked at solved a different computing problem.   In the 1960s, computers only came in three sizes: large, really large, and giant. And the prices were super expensive. There were no personal computers and so in the workplace you would have to reserve a time slot to use the big office computer, bring all of your files down to it, do what you needed to do, then get off and let the next person on.   MIT helped advance a solution in the 1960s called timesharing.   Utilizing an IBM7090 High Speed General Purpose Digital Computer, different consoles in laboratories and people around New England were set up that allowed hundreds of people to share the same computer to do computations without leaving their seat, drastically boosting productivity and solving one of the largest computer bottleneck issues of the time. MITs Multics (Multiplexed Information and Computing Service) was their extremely influential early timesharing operating system. It started in 1964 and helped timesharing become the dominant mode of computing in the 1970s, before personal computers became popular. The last known running Multics installation shut down October 2000. The location of Multics, along with the rest of the MIT Computation Center, was actually in Building 26, which is now home to MITs most well-known lecture hall, 26-100. The construction of the building, as well as equipment and support staff, were funded in part by IBM, How is timeshare computing similar to cloud computing? Think of your laptop. How many hours a day do you use it? What is your laptop doing all those hours youre not using it? Its asleep, what a waste of processing power. Cloud computing uses servers that stay on 24 hours a day. Multiple people can store their data on this server from far away and access it from anywhere. This lets people collaborate, share, and process data without needing to set up heavy infrastructure in their own homes. Thats how Google serves its hundreds of millions of users. Thats how people can start their own websites without needed. And many agree itll continue evolving as we push foward in the future of computing. Insane stuff walking down the halls of Building 26, having been totally unaware of such important disoveries just a little over 50 years ago.

The History of Corinthian Columns

The word Corinthian describes an ornate column style developed in ancient Greece and classified as one of the Classical Orders of Architecture. The Corinthian style is more complex and elaborate than the earlier Doric and Ionic Orders. The capital or top part of a Corinthian style column has lavish ornamentation carved to resemble leaves and flowers. Roman architect Vitruvius observed that the delicate Corinthian design was produced out of the two other orders. He described the Corinthian column as an imitation of the slenderness of a maiden; for the outlines and limbs of maidens, being more slender on account of their tender years, admit of prettier effects in the way of adornment. Because of their opulence, Corinthian columns are rarely used as common porch columns for the ordinary home. The style is more suited for Greek Revival mansions and public architecture such as government buildings, especially courthouses. Characteristics of Corinthian columns include: Fluted (grooved) shaftsCapitals (the tops of each shaft) decorated with  acanthus leaves and flowers and sometimes small scrollsCapital ornaments that flare outward like bells, suggesting a sense of heightProportion; Vitruvius tells us that the height of their capitals gives them proportionately a taller and more slender effect than Ionic columns Why Are They Called Corinthian Columns? In the worlds first architecture textbook, De architectura (30 B.C.), Vitruvius tells the story of a young girl from the city-state of Corinth. A free-born maiden of Corinth, just of marriageable age, was attacked by an illness and passed away, writes Vitruvius. She was buried with a basket of her favorite things atop her tomb, near the root of an acanthus tree. That spring, leaves and stalks grew up through the basket, creating a delicate explosion of natural beauty. The effect caught the eye of a passing sculptor named Callimachus, who began to incorporate the intricate design onto column capitals. Because the sculptor found this design in Corinth, the columns that bear it became known as Corinthian columns. West of Corinth in Greece is the Temple of Apollo Epicurius at Bassae, thought to be the oldest surviving example of the Classical Corinthian column. This temple from about 425 B.C. is a UNESCO World Heritage site. The Tholos (a round building) at Epidauros (c. 350 B.C.) is thought to be one of the first structures to use a colonnade of Corinthian columns. Archaeologists have determined the tholos to have 26 exterior Doric columns and 14 interior Corinthian columns. The Temple of Olympian Zeus (175 B.C.) in Athens is said to have had more than 100 Corinthian columns. Are All Corinthian Capitals the Same? No, not all Corinthian capitals are exactly alike, but they are characterized by their leafy flowers. The capitals of Corinthian columns are more ornamented and delicate than the tops of other column types. They can easily deteriorate over time, especially when they are used outdoors. Early Corinthian columns were used primarily for interiors spaces, and thus were protected from the elements. The Monument of Lysikrates (c. 335 B.C.) in Athens features some of the earliest examples of exterior Corinthian columns. Replacing deteriorated Corinthian capitals must be done by master craftsmen. During the 1945 bombing of Berlin, the royal palace was heavily damaged, and it was later demolished in the 1950s. With the reunification of East and West Berlin, the palace was reinvented. Sculptors used old photographs to recreate the architectural details in the new facade, in clay and in plaster, noting that not all of the Corinthian capitals were the same. Architectural Styles That Use Corinthian Columns The Corinthian column and the Corinthian Order were created in ancient Greece. Ancient Greek and Roman architecture is collectively known as Classical, and so Corinthian columns are found in Classical architecture. The Arch of Constantine (A.D. 315) in Rome and the Ancient Library of Celsus in Ephesus feature examples of Corinthian columns in Classical architecture. Classical architecture was reborn during the Renaissance in the 15th and 16th centuries. Later derivatives of Classical architecture include the Neoclassical, Greek Revival, and Neoclassical Revival architectures of the 19th century, and the Beaux Arts architecture of the American Gilded Age. Thomas Jefferson was influential in bringing the Neoclassical style to America, as seen in the Rotunda at The University of Virginia in Charlottesville. Corinthian-like designs can also be found in some Islamic architecture. The distinctive capital of the Corinthian column comes in many forms, but the acanthus leaf appears in most designs. Professor Talbot Hamlin suggests that Islamic architecture was influenced by the acanthus leaf design: Many mosques, like those at Kairouan and Cordova, used actual ancient Corinthian capitals; and later Moslem capitals were often based on the Corinthian scheme in general pattern, although the tendency toward abstraction gradually removed all remaining signs of realism from the carving of the leaves. Famous Buildings With Corinthian Columns In the United States, famous buildings with Corinthian columns include the U.S. Supreme Court Building, the U.S. Capitol, and the National Archives Building, all of which are in Washington, D.C. In New York City, buildings with these columns include the New York Stock Exchange Building on Broad Street in Lower Manhattan and the James A. Farley Building, which is across the street from Penn Station and Madison Square Garden. In Rome, check out the Pantheon and the Colosseum, where Doric columns are on the first level, Ionic columns on the second, and Corinthian columns on the third. Great Renaissance cathedrals throughout Europe are apt to show off their Corinthian columns, including St. Pauls Cathedral and St Martin-in-the-Fields in London.

Tyco International Scandal Case Analysis - 3560 Words

TYCO INTERNATIONAL SCANDAL A CASE STUDY Soubhagya Ranjan Swain(14B149) 1st Semester BBALLB ABSTRACT TYCO INTERNATIONAL SCANDAL Tyco international is the world’s largest maker and servicer of electrical components. Former CEO Dennis Koslowski, former CFO Mark Swartz and former General Counsel Mark Belnick were accused of giving themselves interest free or very low interest loans and also took money disguised as bonuses,that were never approved by the Tyco board or repaid.There existed the controversial â€Å"key employee loan† and â€Å"loan forgiveness† programs. SEC began an investigation after an analyst reported questionable accounting practices in 1999. Kozlowski and Swartz were found guilty in 2005. Both are serving 8 1/3-to-25-year prison sentences. The ethical issues evident in the case study are conflict of interest, accounting fraud, embezzlement of company’s fund, misappropriation of funds and inappropriate discharge of employees. Corporate culture or lack of it can influence actions, decisions and trends in an organization. INTRODUCTION Upon the arrival of September 12, 2002, national TV displayed the previous (CEO) of Tyco worldwide L. Dennis Kozlowski and previous (CFO) of Tyco International Mark H. Swartz in cuffs in the wake of being arrested and accused of the charges of misappropriating more than $170 million from the organization. They were likewise blamed for taking more than 430 million dollars through deceitful offers of Tyco stock andShow MoreRelatedThe Case Of Tyco International1264 Words   |  6 PagesThe Case of Tyco The objective of this report is to identify whether there are any unethical issues or legal issues existed in Tyco International. Moreover, we should be able to describe relevant ethical issues and thus apply the concepts into the real life example. 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Buddhism history Free Essays

There are various religions in the world which people follow for their spiritual quest. Buddhism is one of the religions and disciplines that some groups of people adhere. Buddhism branched out from Hinduism that is considered as the reformation movement of the religion. We will write a custom essay sample on Buddhism history or any similar topic only for you Order Now The founder of Buddhism is Siddharta Gautama who was born in the warrior caste of India known as the Shakya clan (â€Å"Background of Gautama and Buddhism†, 2008). Born in leisure and luxury, Siddharta was shielded from the harsh realities of life and the suffering in life. One day when Siddharta made his rare trips outside the palace, he saw an old man, a sick man and a dead man which was his first encounter and witness personally the suffering of human life (Burns, 2009). After the mentioned experience, he decided to seek the truth that was hidden from him his whole life. He tried to attain the truth through the supervision of the Brahmin priests but he was disillusioned by the teachings of Hinduism. His self-mortification brought him closer to death instead of enlightenment (â€Å"Background of Gautama and Buddhism†, 2008). He decided to take a new path in search of enlightenment. He dedicated his life in meditation as he sat under a fig tree known as the Bodhi tree or the tree of wisdom. Through this, he attained the highest degree of consciousness referred to as Nirvana. Siddharta surpass the challenges and temptations and attained enlightenment. He was known to have found the way to escape the cruel causality of samsara or the cycle of rebirths. He also discovered the Four Noble Truths or the wisdom of Realization. Siddharta Gautama was known as the â€Å"enlightened one† as he found the answers on various life’s questions and why there is the existence of pain and suffering (â€Å"Background of Gautama and Buddhism†, 2008). One of the teachings of Buddhism is the samsara or the cycle of rebirths and the never-ending journey. It is described as the process of continuous birth, growing old, suffering and death (Buddhism Teacher, 2008). Samsara is a Sanskrit word for â€Å"journeying†. In Buddhism, as well as in other religions such as Hinduism and Jainism, samsara is defined as the cycle of birth, death and rebirth. Samsara is sometimes depicted as the opposite of Nirvana. However, in Mahayana school of Buddhism, Nirvana and Samsara are viewed as mental representations that a person appreciates the true nature of the world (O’Brien, 2009). Many people perceive samsara as a place, instead, it is a process to keep creating worlds and how people will move into the world. The worlds we create are associated with suffering from the date of our birth up to our adulthood (Bhikku, 2002). Samsara is the continuous life cycle of a person. It is believed that people are being born again as another person or entity. In India, some people are believed to be born in another caste or in another life situation. Samsara is also associated with Karma which is also another teaching in Buddhism wherein the life situation or the present existence of a person is based on the past life events. Karma explains to us the concept of cause and effect and helps us understand the idea of samsara. It explains to us in understanding interdependency, interconnectedness and unity (Buddhism Teacher, 2008). Karma is also taught in other religions like Hinduism that explains the punishment on the sins committed on the past life. It explains why some people are born in better life situations that the others. Some people believed that when they have done good in their present life, they will be rewarded in their future life. Buddhism is one of the religions that attempt to explain the worldly views and questions that concerns life’s sufferings and reincarnation. Buddhism incorporates the attainment of enlightenment or realization of the truth in life that will enable us to fully understand the ongoing events and our current life’s situation. Buddhism relates to the people of various social classes who follow an esteemed and righteous path for spiritual wellness. References Background of Gautama and Buddhism. (2008). Let Us Reason Ministries. Retrieved May 22, 2009, from Bhikku, T. (2002). Samsara. Esolibris. Retrieved May 22, 2009, from Burns, M. G. (2009). Archangels Wisdom. Retrieved May 22, 2009, from Buddhism Teacher. (2008). Samsara. Retrieved May 22, 2009, from O’Brien, B. (2009). Samsara. About. com. Retrieved May 22, 2009, from How to cite Buddhism history, Papers

Great Expectations By Charles Dickens Essay Thesis Example For Students

Great Expectations By Charles Dickens Essay Thesis This passage is from the second part of the book Great Expectations by Charles Dickens. This is the part at which Pip has arrived in London and is on his way to go and see Jagers. His is told to wait as Jagers in a court meeting and when he mentions that he wishes to go out to have a look is suggested to go onto Smithfield. This extract then goes on to describe in depth the first, yet lasting, thoughts that Pip gets of London and the experiences that add to this image that is created. It is a very descriptive extract that is both narrative at the same time. The first impressions that we read about London from Pip are extremely powerful describing words that portray a negative image of London. He uses words such as shameful place, all asmear with filth and fat and blood and foam. This creates a very dirty image in my mind of London and how he sees it. Also the repetitive usage of and creates emphasis on the fact that London is extremely unclean and polluted. This is significant as you can compare it to his village of Kent where he comes from. This showed me how he has changed in his opinion of London from what he dreamed about. He thought that London was a place of beauty but rather he comes and on his first day encounters such filthy settings and places. This just shows how he may slowly be gaining an appreciation of his home more than before. Another interesting impression that Pip describes about London is the fact that he noticed a Church NEXT to a Prison. It shows that such things were not planed out correctly. How can you have a Church next to a Prison? A place of worship next to a place were the cruellest people are kept? It shows how even now, Pip has begun to notice and questions things that he sees, how he is more judgmental of his dream city. Another characteristic that I noticed was the fact that there were a large number of drunken people loitering about. According to Pips description, these people were standing outside the courtroom listening in on what was happening. This to me shows the social degradation that is present in the London society and it shows to Pip how different people are between both his hometown and London. It was not what he expected. But is something that he is likely to encounter as his time in London progresses. What happened next was something that I did not predict or expect to happen. This was the encounter with the drunken minister of Justice. This came as a surprise for me but it did serve as an excellent way to portray Pips impressions. The drunk Judge shows the depravity as well as the corruption of the Justice system. Both are shown by the not only the drunken appearance of the Judge but also by the way in which the Judge tried to form a transaction with Pip in order to show him what a court room is like. This shows the level at which the people of London have stooped down to, the level that even those who are to uphold justice, give fairness between people and sustain equality are unable to do that. This has a lasting effect on Pips outlook and the type of person who he becomes later on during the course of the novel. We even see a small form of a supposed sense of humour from Pip who tells us how the Judge was even kind enough to show him the gallows, the area where people are publicly whipped, the room from which the culprits are brought from and even went on to tell Pip how there was to be four hangings in two days time. This humorous perspective is Pips way of being sarcastic in my estimation. He is trying to show how backward London really and truly is. It also showed me the apparent innocence of Pips character at this stage as he narrates, This was horrible, and gave me a sickening idea of London.

The Last Seven Months of Anne Frank

The Last Seven Months of Anne Frank- Willy Lindwer Essay Anne Frank is the best known symbol for the murdered Jews of WWII. Her diary, which was composed between June 12, 1942 and August 1, 1944, was written while hiding in the Annex. It has been published in more than fifty countries. She was thirteen when she started and fifteen when she wrote her last. On Tuesday August 1, 1944, Anne write her last entry to her diary. On August 4, the German Security Service raided the Annex at No. 263 Prisengracht. She died of disease, starvation, and exhaustion in Bergen-Belsen in March 1945. This book is the unwritten last seven months of Annes life. The six women that were interviewed told us the unwritten pieces from personal experiences. This book told what happened after her last entry. These women shared experiences with Anne. Some even went to school with her. In July 1942, the Frank family went into hiding. Her diary describes her experiences with great detail. After her last entry, the Franks were arrested and sent to the Huis van Bewaring, a prison on Weteringschans. Then to Westbrook detention camp. We will write a custom essay on The Last Seven Months of Anne Frank- Willy Lindwer specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now September 3, 1944, the Franks were transported again, this time to Auschwitz. After Anne and her sister were shipped to Bergen-Belsen, their mother died on January 6, 1945 from grief and exhaustion. Hannah Pick-Goslar and her younger sister survived Bergen-Belsen with the help of Annes father Otto. Hannah and Anne were very close friends. There was a section in Annes diary called Lies Goosens, in which Hannah is mentioned. Hannah and Anne went from kindergarten to high school together. They met through each others maids. In camp Alballalger (Bergen-Belsen) she met up with Anne again after being separated for awhile. They cried and talked with each other through a barbed wire fence. Anne thought her family was dead, but they werent. Hannah said that if Anne knew her father was still alive, she would have had more strength to go on. After awhile Anne was moved to a different section of camp. Hannah never saw nor heard from Anne again. Janny Brandes began her friendship with Anne on August 8, 1944. They met at Central Station, the starting point of deportations to Westbrook camp. At camp, Janny talked with Anne and her family while they had to spilt batteries. It was a hard job, but you could talk one another while working. Then they were transported to Auschwitz after some time at Westbrook. The train ride there, Janny was once again with the Franks. The Franks only saw Janny briefly in Auschwitz. Janny and her sister were transported yet again, this time to Bergen-Belsen. Here they met up with Anne and her sister again. They stayed together as much as they could. Also with another set of sisters they met in Westbrook. They didnt get to spend a bunch of time together. They cried together and talked about everything. Then one day when Janny went to see Anne and her sister, they were both dead. Later after it was all over with, Janny wrote to Otto Frank telling him of his daughters deaths. Rachel van Amerongen had also met Anne and her father in a camp. They met at Westbrook. Rachel was in the same barracks as Anne and her sister. Anne had asked to help Rachel one day and thats how they began talking. Rachel and Anne were very fond of each other and so was Otto, Annes father. But Rachel didnt see the Franks again in Westbrook. Until Bergen-Belsen where Rachel saw Anne and her sister in the barracks. She says they were almost unrecognizable. .ua7628344db8c1e9c9ceb176d07ca73af , .ua7628344db8c1e9c9ceb176d07ca73af .postImageUrl , .ua7628344db8c1e9c9ceb176d07ca73af .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua7628344db8c1e9c9ceb176d07ca73af , .ua7628344db8c1e9c9ceb176d07ca73af:hover , .ua7628344db8c1e9c9ceb176d07ca73af:visited , .ua7628344db8c1e9c9ceb176d07ca73af:active { border:0!important; } .ua7628344db8c1e9c9ceb176d07ca73af .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua7628344db8c1e9c9ceb176d07ca73af { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua7628344db8c1e9c9ceb176d07ca73af:active , .ua7628344db8c1e9c9ceb176d07ca73af:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua7628344db8c1e9c9ceb176d07ca73af .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua7628344db8c1e9c9ceb176d07ca73af .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua7628344db8c1e9c9ceb176d07ca73af .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua7628344db8c1e9c9ceb176d07ca73af .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua7628344db8c1e9c9ceb176d07ca73af:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua7628344db8c1e9c9ceb176d07ca73af .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua7628344db8c1e9c9ceb176d07ca73af .ua7628344db8c1e9c9ceb176d07ca73af-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua7628344db8c1e9c9ceb176d07ca73af:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Is Ethnography A Suitable Meth Essay They were very sick with typhus. One day she never saw them again. She assumed the Frank girls were dead. And she was right. Bloeme Evers knew Anne from the Jewish Lyceum. In 1941, this preparatory school was designed for Jewish kids. Bloeme, Anne, and six other women had a very special relationship for nine months in the camps. They shared all their sorrows and love. Much wasnt really said about her relationship with the Franks. But we do know that they were close. Lenie de Jong-van was one of the women who had a very special friendship in the . The Last Seven Months of Anne Frank The Last Seven Months of Anne Frank- Willy Lindwer Essay Anne Frank is the best known symbol for the murdered Jews of WWII. Her diary, which was composed between June 12, 1942 and August 1, 1944, was written while hiding in the Annex. It has been published in more than fifty countries. She was thirteen when she started and fifteen when she wrote her last. On Tuesday August 1, 1944, Anne write her last entry to her diary. On August 4, the German Security Service raided the Annex at No. 263 Prisengracht. She died of disease, starvation, and exhaustion in Bergen-Belsen in March 1945. This book is the unwritten last seven months of Annes life. The six women that were interviewed told us the unwritten pieces from personal experiences. This book told what happened after her last entry. These women shared experiences with Anne. Some even went to school with her. In July 1942, the Frank family went into hiding. Her diary describes her experiences with great detail. After her last entry, the Franks were arrested and sent to the Huis van Bewaring, a prison on Weteringschans. Then to Westbrook detention camp. We will write a custom essay on The Last Seven Months of Anne Frank- Willy Lindwer specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now September 3, 1944, the Franks were transported again, this time to Auschwitz. After Anne and her sister were shipped to Bergen-Belsen, their mother died on January 6, 1945 from grief and exhaustion. Hannah Pick-Goslar and her younger sister survived Bergen-Belsen with the help of Annes father Otto. Hannah and Anne were very close friends. There was a section in Annes diary called Lies Goosens, in which Hannah is mentioned. Hannah and Anne went from kindergarten to high school together. They met through each others maids. In camp Alballalger (Bergen-Belsen) she met up with Anne again after being separated for awhile. They cried and talked with each other through a barbed wire fence. Anne thought her family was dead, but they werent. Hannah said that if Anne knew her father was still alive, she would have had more strength to go on. After awhile Anne was moved to a different section of camp. Hannah never saw nor heard from Anne again. Janny Brandes began her friendship with Anne on August 8, 1944. They met at Central Station, the starting point of deportations to Westbrook camp. At camp, Janny talked with Anne and her family while they had to spilt batteries. It was a hard job, but you could talk one another while working. Then they were transported to Auschwitz after some time at Westbrook. The train ride there, Janny was once again with the Franks. The Franks only saw Janny briefly in Auschwitz. Janny and her sister were transported yet again, this time to Bergen-Belsen. Here they met up with Anne and her sister again. They stayed together as much as they could. Also with another set of sisters they met in Westbrook. They didnt get to spend a bunch of time together. They cried together and talked about everything. Then one day when Janny went to see Anne and her sister, they were both dead. Later after it was all over with, Janny wrote to Otto Frank telling him of his daughters deaths. Rachel van Amerongen had also met Anne and her father in a camp. They met at Westbrook. Rachel was in the same barracks as Anne and her sister. Anne had asked to help Rachel one day and thats how they began talking. Rachel and Anne were very fond of each other and so was Otto, Annes father. But Rachel didnt see the Franks again in Westbrook. Until Bergen-Belsen where Rachel saw Anne and her sister in the barracks. She says they were almost unrecognizable. .uafefa3a17fead3c6a5d35f1d6b2c3c5d , .uafefa3a17fead3c6a5d35f1d6b2c3c5d .postImageUrl , .uafefa3a17fead3c6a5d35f1d6b2c3c5d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uafefa3a17fead3c6a5d35f1d6b2c3c5d , .uafefa3a17fead3c6a5d35f1d6b2c3c5d:hover , .uafefa3a17fead3c6a5d35f1d6b2c3c5d:visited , .uafefa3a17fead3c6a5d35f1d6b2c3c5d:active { border:0!important; } .uafefa3a17fead3c6a5d35f1d6b2c3c5d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uafefa3a17fead3c6a5d35f1d6b2c3c5d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uafefa3a17fead3c6a5d35f1d6b2c3c5d:active , .uafefa3a17fead3c6a5d35f1d6b2c3c5d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uafefa3a17fead3c6a5d35f1d6b2c3c5d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uafefa3a17fead3c6a5d35f1d6b2c3c5d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uafefa3a17fead3c6a5d35f1d6b2c3c5d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uafefa3a17fead3c6a5d35f1d6b2c3c5d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uafefa3a17fead3c6a5d35f1d6b2c3c5d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uafefa3a17fead3c6a5d35f1d6b2c3c5d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uafefa3a17fead3c6a5d35f1d6b2c3c5d .uafefa3a17fead3c6a5d35f1d6b2c3c5d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uafefa3a17fead3c6a5d35f1d6b2c3c5d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Conditional And Iterative Data Types Essay They were very sick with typhus. One day she never saw them again. She assumed the Frank girls were dead. And she was right. Bloeme Evers knew Anne from the Jewish Lyceum. In 1941, this preparatory school was designed for Jewish kids. Bloeme, Anne, and six other women had a very special relationship for nine months in the camps. They shared all their sorrows and love. Much wasnt really said about her relationship with the Franks. But we do know that they were close. Lenie de Jong-van was one of the women who had a very special friendship in the .

3 causas para que te quiten la green card

3 causas para que te quiten la green card La green card, o tarjeta de residencia permanente, es un privilegio otorgado por la autoridades estadounidenses a extranjeros que cumplen con ciertos requisitos y que permite trabajar y residir en Estados Unidos. Pero la pueden quitar por 3 causas. Antes de comenzar a explicar cada una de esas 3 causas, es conveniente comenzar destacando que hay dos tipos de green card. En primer lugar, la condicional que se da en 2 casos: cuando se adquiere por inversià ³n a travà ©s de una EB-5 y en ciertos casos en los que se saca por matrimonio con un ciudadano (no en todos). Estas residencias condicionales se convierten en permanentes  a los dos aà ±os, despuà ©s de hacer ciertos trmites legales. Por otro lado, si no se levanta la condicionalidad, la green card deja de tener validez y tambià ©n se puede revocar si no se cumplen las condiciones para levantar dicha condicionalidad. Por ejemplo, que la inversià ³n no sea la adecuada o que el matrimonio hubiese acabado en divorcio. Y en segundo lugar, estn las tarjetas de residencia permanentes. Estas son, en principio, para toda la  vida. Excepto en casos muy concretos en los que el gobierno puede decidir que cancela o revoca o considera no vlida una tarjeta de residencia. Causas para perder la green card o tarjeta de residencia permanente La green card puede perderse cuando se da alguna de las siguientes 3 causas:   Fraude- Bajo esta categorà ­a entran acciones muy diversas, como por ejemplo, un matrimonio de conveniencia con el à ºnico propà ³sito de conseguir la green card. Pero hay ms: mentir en un formulario migratorio o, incluso, ocultar informacià ³n relevante en uno de los trmites. En el momento en que se descubre el fraude se puede invalidar la green card.Condena por ciertos delitos- Se trata de situaciones graves debià ©ndose prestar atencià ³n a los casos de condenas por los denominados delitos agravados. En caso de tener en contra una acusacià ³n por este tipo de delitos es fundamental contar con la defensa de un abogado criminalista con conocimiento en posibles efectos migratorios de una condena. En estos casos, despuà ©s de cumplir con la condena, el migrante se enfrenta muy seriamente a la posibilidad de quedarse sin la green card y ser deportado.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3. Abandono- Esto sucede cuando el inmigrante no cumple con su obligacià ³n de residir habitualmente en los Estados Unidos. Por ello, hay que ser prudentes con los tiempos que se pasan en otros paà ­ses, particularmente si se trata de ms de 180 dà ­as y menos de 1 aà ±os. Y tambià ©n saber que puede resultar muy conflictivo el hecho de entrar a trabajar a diario a Estados Unidos pero vivir en Mà ©xico o en Canad. En los puentes internacionales con Mà ©xico se ha dado casos de migrantes legales a los que se ha alentado para que renunciaran voluntariamente a la green card, cosa que si quieren no estn obligados a hacer (ver ms al final de este apartado). Adems, en los casos de estancia fuera de Estados Unidos por ms de 1 aà ±o pero menos de dos se necesitar un permiso de reentrada.   Si es ms de 2 aà ±os la duracià ³n de la estancia en otro paà ­s, no hay problemas si se trata del cà ³nyuge o hijos menores y solteros de personal civil o militar o similares de los Estados Unidos y que est estacionado en el extranjero. En los dems casos a veces se puede solicitar una visa SB-1 como residente que quiere retornar pero que sà ³lo se concede si se cumplen requisitos muy estrictos. El formulario a llenar es el formulario que se conoce como DS-117. En los dems casos de pà ©rdida de la tarjeta de residencia por abandono sà ³lo es posible recuperarla iniciando de nuevo todo el proceso y esperando mientras tanto fuera de los Estados Unidos.   Es muy importante que si se llega a un punto migratorio de ingreso a Estados Unidos y el oficial asegura que se ha producido un abandono de la residencia que el residente permanente se niegue a firmar el documento que se conoce como I-407 Abandonment of LPR Status. Si lo hace, pierde la consideracià ³n de residente. Por el contrario debe solicitar ver a un juez migratorio y se le debe entregar una Notice of Appear para presentarse en Corte. Sà ³lo asà ­ se le puede quitar la tarjeta de residencia despuà ©s de que el juez encuentre de forma clara e inequà ­voca y basndose en evidencia de que verdaderamente se ha abandonado el estatus de residente. En otras palabras, no firmar el I-407 en ningà ºn punto de control migratorio y pedir ir a Corte. Otros requisitos de los residentes permanentes La tarjeta de la green card es vlida por diez aà ±os. Debe renovarse antes de que expire. Asimismo, si se pierde o se mutila debe aplicarse por una nueva y notificar su extravà ­o, robo o destruccià ³n a las autoridades migratorias. La à ºnica excepcià ³n es cuando se solicita y obtiene la ciudadanà ­a por naturalizacià ³n. Una vez que se es ciudadano ya no hay que renovar nada. Los tiempos de espera para solicitarla depende de cà ³mo se haya obtenido la residencia. Finalmente, los residentes permanentes tienen otras obligaciones, como pagar impuestos o notificar los cambios de domicilio. Consejos para conservar la green card Por ley, todos los residentes legales permanentes mayores de 18 aà ±os deben llevar consigo en todo momento prueba de su estatus migratorio. El no cumplimiento de este requisito puede dar lugar a una condena por faltas. La aplicacià ³n de esta ley varà ­a muchà ­simo de estado a estado. Para aprender ms sobre la green card, los derechos que da y las obligaciones que impone es aconsejable tomar este test de respuestas mà ºltiples. Da respuesta a las inquietudes ms frecuentes. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Self-Preservation and Justifiable Violence in Maxine Kumin's Essay

Self-Preservation and Justifiable Violence in Maxine Kumin's Woodchucks - Essay Example More than just a mere 30-line poem, Maxine Kumin’s â€Å"Woodchucks† is a demonstration of the idea that threats to self-preservation causes a good man to resort to evil and violence in order to survive. In Kumin’s poem, the narrator is a good man who simply acts according to reason when he decides to have the woodchucks gassed. He resorts to â€Å"gassing the woodchucks† with help from a company he calls the â€Å"Feed and Grain Exchange† (Kumin, 2012, 1-2). Although this seems like a cruel act that alludes to the Nazi way of gassing prisoners during the Second World War, the narrator is simply defending his right to his vegetable garden, which is obviously his property. The exercise of this right of ownership must necessarily override the idea of kindness and must therefore naturally prompt him to defend his own property at any cost, even if this would mean the death of those who seek to take it away from him. In the poem, the woodchucks are the a nimals that destroy his garden by â€Å"nipping the broccoli shoots [and] beheading the carrots† (11-12). The cruel imagery that uses the word â€Å"beheading† emphasizes the idea that these small creatures are actually cruel and that their actions lead to the unjust and cruel execution of the owner’s vegetables. ... After the failure of the gassing because the woodchucks have hidden in their â€Å"sub-sub-basement,† the narrator does not even say that he would do something to eventually kill these animals. The narrator’s biggest decision – the decision to exterminate all of them by shooting at them – has simply been prompted by the idea that â€Å"next morning [the woodchucks] turned up again† (7). The lines that follow seem to demonstrate their very fast destruction of the vegetable patch and an equally speedy consumption of the plants in it from the marigold to the broccoli to the carrots. When the narrator picks up his .22 rifle, he has simply reacted to the idea that if he does not do anything, his whole vegetable garden would be wiped out by the woodchucks in no time. The narrator recognizes the reasonableness of his decision when he says that it is only â€Å"righteously thrilling† for him to defend his property from the woodchucks that want to des troy it (13). He also emphasizes his â€Å"Darwinian pieties for killing† the woodchucks, which means that what he is doing is only a matter of survival and something which is akin to shooting someone who is also just about to shoot him too. The narrator feels guilty but this is a proof not of his evil but of his compassion. As the narrator begins shooting at the woodchucks, he assumes they are a family complete with the â€Å"littlest† woodchuck, the mother, two baby woodchucks, and an old one (17-25). His guilt is evident in his recognition of their roles in the family. Otherwise, he would simply regard each one of them as a mere woodchuck that deserves to be killed. The fact that these animals, no matter how much damage they have caused him, are still also baby, mother and old fellow, somehow

Professional Communication Phase 5 DB Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Professional Communication Phase 5 DB - Essay Example vice based model, company executives have decided to use a slightly different business model for the release of SmartFit 2.0 which is tailored toward the general membership of the partner fitness club. SmartFit 2.0 also delivered via a wireless device, will bring a suite of entertainment features to the user in addition to the performance tracking. Users of SmartFit 2.0 will be able to listen to streaming music from the Universal Music catalog, audio books, and pre-recorded fitness routines created by the leading Personal Trainers in North America. At the release of the client version, the beta testers (a focus group of selected clients at a partner facility) suggested to offer a three-month free promotion for all new signed up members to any partner facility as a part of our marketing strategy. New members would thereby benefit of the promotion for ninety days followed by an increase in membership fees to reflect the inclusion of SmartFit 2.0 in the monthly membership fee. For current members willing to upgrade to this new level of membership, we would offer one month free and a 10 percent discount on the new membership fee for a period of twelve months. Our company executives believe that in offering this promotion, we are positioning SmartFit 2.0 to be as much of a success as the Personal training version. The pricing strategy has been studied carefully during the development of the platform, and extensively compared with similar client applications in the local and national market. For answering to the diverse demographics that exits at fitness facilities, our managers decided on using a service pricing model, as well as a per-use model. The service fee model described earlier is designed for the first adopters of the technology and those who can benefit from it by becoming a new member at a partner facility. The per-use service model is made to allow people who may decide to use the wireless features of SmartFit 2.0 in a less regular fashion. The

The History And Background Of Suicide Nursing Essay

The History And Background Of Suicide Nursing Essay Suicide is the third leading cause of death among young people; however the incidence of attempted suicide is much more. It has been observed that after puberty, rate of suicide increases with age until it stabilizes in young adulthood. This increase in suicide may be associated with the onset and increase in depressive and other disorders during adolescents as compared to childhood. Suicide ideation, gestures and attempts are frequently but not always associated with depressive disorders, reports indicate that as many as half of suicidal individuals express suicidal intention to a friend or a relative within 24 hours before enactive suicidal behavior. It is a time proven fact that all the living organisms on this earth fight for survival and existence. What then makes the man to risk his own life? The tragedy of self inflicted death has always attracted the attention of the medical as well as the legal fraternity. People who have committed suicide or have been thinking about committing suicide probably feel overwhelmed by their problems. They might not be able to handle that kind of pressure and feel that death would be the only way to escape it.( Alonso J,2008). Although suicide was condemned in the Dharmashastras, yet, there is also a chapter on allowed suicides. But the earlier scriptures, of Manus and Kautilyas were against suicide. These sentiments were echoed for ages in India. Even though today, attempted suicide is also a crime in India under the Indian Penal Code system. The neighbouring country Sri Lanka has removed attempted suicide as a punishable offence. In India, even the assisting and abetting suicide is also a punishable offence. The striking aspect of Indian data is the large variation in different parts of India in relation to attempted/committed suicide. The states and cities with rapid social change are associated with higher suicide rates in the year 2010, such as the states of Tamilnadu (5470) and Andhra Pradesh (5675),Maharashtra (6289), West Bengal (5302).(NCRBI 2007). Adolescence is a stressful developmental period filled with major changes: body changes, changes in thoughts, and changes in feelings. Strong feelings of stress, confusion, fear, and uncertainty, as well as pressure to succeed, and the ability to think about things in new ways influence a teenagers problem solving and decision making abilities. For some teenagers, normal developmental changes, when compounded by other events or changes in their families such as parental divorce or moving to a new community, changes in friendships, difficulties in school, or other losses can be very upsetting and become overwhelming. Problems may appear too difficult or embarrassing to overcome. For some, suicide may seem like a perfect solution. The adolescent suicide rate has greatly increased in recent years. Suicides in those ages 15 to 24 years once accounted for 5% of all suicides but now it is increased to 14%. This makes suicide the third leading cause of death among adolescents. Suicide rates for males within the age group of 10 14 years have tripled, whereas rates for males aged 15 to 19 years have quadrupled. Rates for females have doubled. Males aged 15 to 19 years are nearly 5 times more likely to kill themselves than females in the same age group. Although female adolescents attempt suicide 2 to 3 times more often than their male counterparts. Recorded suicide attempts peak between the ages of 15 and 19years.(WHO 2008). 1.1 NEED FOR STUDY: The numbers of suicides are increasing in India. India accounts for 10% of worlds suicides. According to the latest national crime record bureau report, there are over 1.2 lakh suicides in 2006 and 1.3 lakh in 2007. It also states that Bangalore has the highest rate of suicides in India. Till June 2007 there have been around 900 cases of suicide reported from Bangalore city alone. In 2005, 1,480 persons have committed suicide, while in the year 2006, the number was over 2,000, and among all states, Karnataka stands second after Kerala, followed by Maharashtra and West Bengal (Gururaj G.2008). According to WHOs estimation, in the year 2004, approximately one million people died from suicide, and 10 20 times more people attempted suicide worldwide. This represents one death every 40 seconds and one attempt every 3 seconds, on average (WHO,2004). The adolescent suicide rate has greatly increased in recent years. Suicides in those ages 15 to 24 years once accounted for 5% of all suicides but now it is increased to 14%. This makes suicide the third leading cause of death among adolescents. Suicide rates for males within the age group of 10 14 years have tripled, whereas rates for males aged 15 to 19 years have quadrupled. Rates for females have doubled. Males aged 15 to 19 years are nearly 5 times more likely to kill themselves than females in the same age group. Although female adolescents attempt suicide 2 to 3 times more often than their male counterparts. Recorded suicide attempts peak between the ages of 15 and 19years (Marlow,2002). 1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON THE PREVENTIVE MEASURES OF SUICIDAL IDEATION AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN PRIYADARSHINI SCHOOL,PITHAPURAM,ANDHRA PRADESH. 1.3 OBJECTIVES: 1.3.1 To assess the knowledge regarding preventive measures of suicidal ideation among adolescents. To evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on Preventive measures of Suicidal ideation among adolescents. 1.3.3 To associate the preventive measures for suicidal ideation among adolescents with the various demographic variables. 1.4 ASSUMPTIONS: The adolescents are prone for suicidal thoughts. 1.5 HYPOTHESIS: There will be a significant difference between the preventive measures for suicidal ideation before and after administration of structured teaching programme. There will be a significant association between the preventive measures for suicidal ideation with various demographic variables 1.6 Operational Definition: 1.6.1 Suicide: is the act of intentionally taking ones own life in a culturally no endorsed manner. 1.6.2. Preventive measures: refer to the risk factors, warning signs, suicidal behavior, misconceptions of suicide, how to communicate and monitoring safety needs in the environment. 1.7 Conceptual Framework: Modified general systems theory of learning: General systems theory is useful in breaking process into sequential operations or tasks to ensure goal realization. Purpose, goal or aim is necessary for any process or system. The aim of the study is to increase the knowledge of preventive measures for suicidal ideation. Input: The first function is the input which is the information, energy or matter that enters the system. For a system to work well the input should concentrate in achieving the purpose of the system. In the present study the information, energy or matter which enters the system is the introduction of structured teaching programme regarding the preventive measures for suicidal ideation. In the present study input is the existing knowledge regarding preventive measures for suicidal ideation. Throughput: According to the theorist, throughput refers to the process used by the system to convert raw material or energy into products that are usable by the system itself or by the environment. In this active phase, teacher converts the information from structured teaching programme regarding preventive measures for suicidal ideation. Output: According to theorist, it refers to the product or service which results from the systems through put. Output in this study refers to the end product of the system. This is evidenced by adolescents gaining knowledge regarding the preventive measures for suicidal ideation. Evaluation: Evaluation is the information about some aspects of data or energy processing that can be used, to evaluate and monitor the system and to guide it to more effective performance. In the present study, evaluation measures the success or failure of output. I t is done by measuring the performance and it is graded as adequate knowledge (>75% scores), moderately adequate knowledge (50%-75% scores) and inadequate knowledge ( Feedback: The final function is feedback which is the process of communicating what is found in evaluation of the system. It is the information given back to the system to determine whether or not the purpose or end result of the system has been achieved. The final part of feed back communicates what is found in the evaluation and it tells whether the structured teaching programme was effective in enhancing the knowledge of adolescents regarding the preventive measures for suicidal ideation. 1.8 Projected Outcome: Structured teaching program helps to improve the knowledge on preventive measures for suicidal ideation among adolescents. Fig: 1.1 MODIFIED SYSTEM MODEL TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE OF ADOLESCENTS REGARDING PREVENTIVE MEASURES OF SUICIDAL IDEATION OUTPUT THROUGH PUT INPUT Assessment of demographic variables of adolescents such as age, sex, family income, religion, parents education. Pre assessment of knowledge of adolescents regarding preventive measures of suicidal ideation Post assessment of knowledge of adolescents regarding preventive measures of suicidal ideation Adequate Inadequate Structured teaching Programme on Preventive measures of suicidal ideation Inadequate Moderately adequate REASSESSMENT CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE Review of Literature is a key step in research process. Nursing research may be considered as a continuing process in which knowledge gained from earlier studies is an integral part of research in general. In review of literature a researcher analyses existing knowledge before delving into a new study and when making judgement about application of new knowledge in nursing practice. The literature review is an extensive, systematic, and critical review of the most important published scholarly literature on a particular topic. 2.1 Literatures related to Suicide risk factors 2.2 Literatures related to Prevention of suicidal ideation 2.1 Literatures related to Suicide risk factors A case control study was conducted to identify and quantify risk factors for completed suicides in Bangalore, India. The study was conducted with the families of 269 completed suicides and 269 living controls within the broader population of the city using psychological autopsy methods. The results showed that, the significant risk factors for completed suicides were the presence of previous suicidal attempt in self [odds ratio (OR) = 42.62], interpersonal conflicts and marital disharmony with spouse [OR = 27.98], alcoholism [OR = 23.38], presence of mental illness [OR = 11.07], sudden economic bankruptcy [OR =7.1], domestic violence [OR = 6.82], and unemployment [OR = 6.15]. Individuals completing suicides did not have a positive outlook towards life, problem solving approaches and coping skills. The study concluded that, the intervention strategies should include prioritized macro and micro level efforts aimed at individual, family and society. (Gururaj G 2007) A study conducted involving 1205 adolescent students of two schools from New Delhi reported, one year suicidal ideation was 11.7%. they also found that physical abuse by parents, feelings neglected by parents, history of running away from school, history of suicide by a friend and death wish were found to be associated with non-fatal suicidal behavior. (Siddhartha and Jena,2006). A study conducted on bullying and risk of suicidal behaviour among adolescents in New York. Total 2341 adolescents aged 13-19 years who were enrolled in grades 9 through 12 in suburban school was selected for study. Researchers used Beck Depression Inventory to assess depression and suicide Ideation Questionnaire. Suicide attempt history included any attempt, regardless extend of injury. With regard bullying behaviour, students were asked how often they had been bullied or had bullied others in and out of school during the past 4 weeks. Being bullied was defined as having the student say or do unpleasant thing or being teased repeatedly in a way the person does not like. Result shows about 20% student reported that they were victims of bullying in school and about 10% reported that they were victims of bullying outside the school. With regard to bullying behavior, about 25% students reported that they bullied other students in school and 15% reported that they were bullied others out side school .The risk of depression, suicidal ideation and suicidal attempt was significantly higher for students who were considered either a victim or a bully compared with students who were not. The more frequent the bullying behaviour the greater risk of depression, suicidal ideation or suicidal attempt. (Wagnar KD,2007). A study conducted on rates and factors associated with suicide in Kaniymbadi block, Tamil Nadu, South India. The setting for the study was a comprehensive community health programme in a development block in rural South India. The main outcome measure was death by suicide diagnosed by detailed verbal autopsy and census and birth and death data to identify population base. Result shows the average suicide rate was 92.1 per 1,00.000. The ratio of male to female suicide was 1:0.66. The age specific suicide rate for women showed two peaks: 15-24 year and over 65 years of age. Hanging (49%) and poisoning with organo-phosphorus compound (40.5%) were commonest method of suicide. Acute or chronic stress was elicited for nearly all subjects. More men suffered from chronic stress while more women had acute precipitating events (x2= 4.58; p A study conducted on risk factors for completed suicide in Banglore, India. A case control study conducted with families of 269 completed suicides and 269 living control within the broader population of city, using psychological autopsy method. Result shows that several factor in the areas of family, marriage, education, occupation, general health, mental health and absence of protective factors contribute significantly for suicides .The significance factor were presence of previous suicidal attempt in self (odds ratio OR = 42.62), interpersonal conflicts and marital disharmony with spouse (O =27.98), alcoholism in self (OR=23.38), presence of mental illness (OR=11.07), sudden economic bankruptcy (OR=7.1), domestic violence (OR=6.82) and unemployment(OR= 6.15). Individual completing suicide did not have a positive outlook towards life, problem solving approaches and coping scale (Gururaj G and Isaac MK, 2007). A study was conducted on psychosocial risk factors associated with suicide attempts among psychiatric inpatient and this study examine how suicide attempts and violent behavior associated with various psychosocial problems. This study included 216 inpatient who had physically assaulted another patient and a comparison group of 81 inpatient who had not assaulted any one. The result was suicide attempts were associated with a history of head trauma harsh parental discipline and parental psychopathology (Menhem.I and Krakowski, 2004). A study conducted on psychosocial stressors may be strongly associated with suicide attempts; the aim of the study was to clarify the importance of psychosocial stressors in suicidal behavior and 250 suicide attempts seen at general hospital emergence room. Acute and chronic life events were assessed with the St. Paul Ramsey life experience scale Holmes and Rahes social adjustment scale respectively, life long adverse experience were also assessed. The logistic regression with dependent variable included psychosocial stressor (Odds ratio (OR)=33.6) And other interpersonal conflicts (OR =10.5) modification of life habits (OR = 14.6) adult physical abuse (OR = 7.1) confounding factors with significant ORS were cluster B traits (OR = 21.2) and finally this study mainly a replication of prior knowledge of psychosocial stressors.( Enrique Baca-Garcia, and Claudia.P.Parra,2007). A cross-sectional study of 342 adolescents aged 10-19 years from 19 schools. Multivariate analysis showed that a history of self-violence, violent thoughts toward others, mental health diagnoses other than depression, and a history of sexual abuse were positively associated with suicide attempt. Sexual abuse, mental health diagnoses other than depression, self-violence, and ease of access to lethal substances/weapons were positively associated with suicide ideation and found a relatively high prevalence of suicide ideation and suicide attempts among adolescents living in Western Jamaica. An accurate understanding of the prevailing risk factors for suicide attempts will promote a more sympathetic approach to victims and facilitate prevention efforts.( Rudatsikira E,2010). A cross-sectional school survey of 4,500 adolescent students based on a structured questionnaire. Data were collected using the supervised self-administered questionnaire (modified version of the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance in the Malaysian National Language, Bahasa Malaysia). Seven percent (312 of 4,454) of the adolescent students had seriously considered attempting suicide. Among the adolescents, 4.6% had attempted suicide at least once during the 12 months preceding the survey. Female adolescents were more likely to put their suicidal thoughts into suicidal action than were male adolescents. Malay and Indian people are more likely than the Chinese to respond, Felt sad and hopeless. However, Malay adolescents had the lowest rate of attempted suicide. Based on multiple logistic regression, factors significantly related to urban adolescents suicide behavior are Felt sad or hopeless, Number of days felt unsafe to go to school, Riding with a driver who had been drinking alcohol, P hysical fight, and Number of days absent from school. In comparison, factors relating to rural adolescents suicide behavior are Felt sad or hopeless, Physical fight, Physical fight resulting in injury, and Drive a vehicle after drinking alcohol. Adolescent suicide behavior should be viewed as a serious problem. Measures can be taken to prevent suicide by looking at the factors significantly linked to suicidal behavior among adolescents. Steps can then be taken to identify adolescents who have serious suicidal ideation so that intervention can be taken to reduce the suicidal rate.( Chen PC and Lee LK,2005). A comparative study conducted at Slovenia in 2006 to compare coping styles among adolescents with and without deliberate self-harm concluded that suicidal ideation was associated with higher scores on emotional coping and lower scores on rational and detachment coping styles. Deliberate self-harm was associated with significantly higher scores on avoidance coping strategies and identified a need for improving coping strategies among deliberate self harm adolescents(Marusic A, Goodwin RD,2006). A study conducted on the associations between peer and parental relationships and suicidal behaviour in early adolescents. Method used statistics Canadas National Longitudinal Survey of Children Youth as the dataset. This cross sectional sample included 1049 girls and 1041 age 12 to 13 years. Answers obtained through self- report questionnaires that included measures of peer relationships, parental nurturance, and parental rejection, suicidal ideation and attempts. Result shows that among early adolescent boys and girls, depression, poor peer relationships, decrease parental nurturance and increase parental rejection wear all significantly associated with suicidal ideation and attempt.( Sarah A and Laurence YK, 2006). 2.2 Literatures related to Prevention of suicidal ideation An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a school based suicide awareness intervention among adolescents in Louisville, Kentucky. A self report questionnaire was used to collect data. A Solomon four groups design was used to assess the efficacy of suicide intervention classes. The results revealed that, the experimental groups as compared with control groups showed significant gains in relevant knowledge about suicidal peers and significantly more positive attitudes toward help seeking and intervening with troubled peers. (Kalafat J.,2006). A study was conducted to assess the efficacy of a school based prevention programme for reducing suicide potential among high risk youth in Washington, USA. A sample of 105 subjects at suicide risk participated in a three group, repeated measures, intervention study. Participants in (1) an assessment plus 1 semester experimental programme, (2) an assessment plus 2- semester experimental programme, and (3) an assessment only group were compared, using data from pre intervention, 5 month, and 10 month follow up assessments. The results suggested that, all groups showed decreased suicide risk behaviours, depression, hopelessness, stress, and anger; all groups also reported increased self- esteem and network social support. Increased personal control was observed only in the experimental groups, and not in the assessment only control group. The potential efficacy of the experimental school based prevention programme was demonstrated. The study concluded that, the necessary and sufficient strategies for suicide prevention have to be adopted. (Eggert LL, 2004). A study was conducted to assess the impact of a suicide prevention programme for adolescents on suicidal tendencies, hopelessness, ego identity, and coping ability in Israel. 393 adolescents from six schools participated in the study. The subjects were randomly divided into experimental (n = 215) and control (n= 178) groups. The experimental groups took part in seven weekly 2 hour meetings. In this pre-test post-test design, the students completed questionnaires of suicidal tendencies, hopelessness, ego identity, and coping ability before and after the programme. The statistical analysis showed that the experimental groups were superior to the controls, with at least some of the dependent measures pointing out the effectiveness of the programme ( Orbach I, 2003). An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the Signs of Suicide (SOS) prevention programme in Farmington, USA. 2,100 students in 5 high schools were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Self administered questionnaire were completed by students in both groups approximately 3 months after programme implementation. The results revealed that, significantly lower rates of suicide attempts and greater knowledge and more adaptive attitudes about depression and suicide were observed among students in the intervention group than control group. The study concluded that, SOS is the first school based suicide prevention programme to demonstrate significant reductions in self reported suicide attempts (Eggert LL and Thompson EA,2007). A study was conducted on the effectiveness of school based psycho-educational programme in suicide prevention in adolescents. Sample collected from 172 high school students in the 16-18 age group include 108 girls and 64 boys. Method used a structured self-report questionnaire. The results show that the programme had no effect on coping styles and level of hopelessness. However positive effect on knowledge could be identified an interaction effect of the programme with gender on attitude was also found. A negative impact of programme could not be found. Findings from study suggest that psycho-educational programs in schools may influence knowledge about suicide and attitudes towards suicidal persons but may not affect the use of coping styles or levels of hopelessness (Gwendolyn P and Kees VH,2006). A study was conducted on the evaluation of the signs of suicide prevention program where data was collected from 4133 students in 9 schools. Method used self administered questionnaires completed by students in both groups approximately 3 month after the program implementation. Result shows significantly lower rates of suicide attempts and greater knowledge and more adaptive attitude about depression and suicide were observed in intervention group.( Robert H and Asetine J,2007). A study was conducted on to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of an Informational Booklet on cancer risk factors among college students, nurses and doctors at university of Delhi. The objectives of the study was (1) to prepare an informational booklet on cancer risk factors (2) to assess the knowledge before and after the administration of informational booklet on cancer risk factors and (3) to determine the acceptability and utility of an informational booklet by college students, nurses and doctors. The one group pre-test post-test pre experimental research design adopted Convenient sampling method was used to select sample size 30. The data collection instruments used were (I) a structured knowledge questionnaire to assess the knowledge of students and (2) two structured opinionnaires were used to gather opinion regarding acceptability and utility of the booklet from college students, doctors and nurses. The results shown that information booklet is effective in increasing th e knowledge of the college students as evident from t (29) = 52.44 higher significant. Doctors and nurses were higher and close to the maximum possible acceptability and utility scores. The study concluded that the informational booklet was acceptable and useful for findings cancer risk factors ( Bairwa KS,2002). CHAPTER III MATERIALS AND METHODS Research design provides the glue that holds the research project together. A design is used to structure the research, to show how all of the major parts of the research project. This study was designed to find out effectiveness of structured teaching programme in promoting knowledge on preventive measures of suicidal ideation among adolescents. This study was conducted by adopting following steps of research process as research design, setting, population and sampling, criteria for selection of samples, instruments and tools for data collection and methods of data analysis. Pilot study was conducted and changes were incorporated. 3.1 Research Design:The study was based on one group pre test and post test design. Pre test knowledge on preventive measures of suicidal ideation among adolescents was assessed before providing education programme. Education regarding what is suicide, risk factors,misconceptions and facts, preventive measures of suicide was delivered through lecture cum discussion method by using LCD, blackboard. After a period of 5 to 7 days of education, the knowledge on preventive measures of suicidal ideation among adolescent was reassessed. The paired t test was used to compare the pre test score and post test score and assosciation was used to find among variables. 3.2 Setting of the Study: The study was conducted in Priyadarshini High school Pithapuram, Andhra Pradesh. 3.3 Population: The population of this study consisted of adolescents in the 9th standard. 3.3.1 Sample size: Size was determined by purposive sampling. All adolescents in the 9th standard were taken for the study 50 students. 3.4 Criteria for selection of sample: Inclusion criteria: Adolescents in the class of 9th standard Variables of the study: 3.5.1 Independent variable: The independent variable in this study is structured teaching programme on preventive measures of suicidal ideation. 3.5.2 Dependent variable: The dependent variable in this study is knowledge level gained by adolescent. 3.6 Instruments and tools for data collection: A questionnaire was prepared to assess the knowledge of adolescents towards preventive measures of suicidal ideation . A structured questionnaire was developed based on literature, journal, text book. The questionnaire has two aspects demographic data and questionnaire on preventive measures of suicidal ideation. Section A: The demographic data includes sample number, age, sex, number of siblings, religion, family profile. Section B: This section consists of 25 questions, for each question 4 options were given in that only one is correct, students have to tick any one of the 4 options. For each question one mark was awarded, maximum mark obtained was 25. It was mandatory that all the 25 questions should be responded by the student. Scoring: Adequate : >75% Moderately adequate: 50 -75% Inadequate : 3.7 Reliability and validity of instruments and tools for data collection: The tool was prepared with the help of literature, research and subject guides. The reliability and validity was tested through pilot study. Additions and modifications suggested by experts were included in the tool. 3.8 Data Collection Procedure: Data collection was done in the month of July; data was collected through self administered questionnaire. After assessment education was delivered through lecture cum discussion using LCD, charts, black board. Doubts were clarified at the end of teaching. The reassessment was done after 5 to 7 days from the day the education started. 3.9 Method of Data Analysis and Interpretation: Frequency distribution tables were formulated for all baseline information. Frequencies were tabulated to understand the knowledge on preventive measures of suicidal ideation. The distribution pattern was depicted through appropriate graphical methods. Results were inferred through statistical techniques likes paired t test and association was used among variables. 3.9.1 Paired t test: This formula was adopted to find out the significant difference between pretest and post test score, of adolescents to understand the knowledge on preventive measures of suicidal ideation. = Mean difference between pretest and post test score. d = Difference between pretest score and post test score. SD = Standard deviation of the pretest score and post test score. = number of samples. 3.10 Report of Pilot Study: Pilot study was conducted in Priyadarshini School, Pithapuram,Andhra Pradesh. For the Pilot Study 16 Students were taken from 9th standard. The questionnaire was given to the students for the assessment of knowledge on Prevention Of suicidal ideation, after Pre-test it was found that only 2 students had adequate knowledge, 13 had moderately adequate knowledge,1 had in adequate knowledge. After structured teaching programme, the result of the Post test is as follows, 8 students had adequate knowledge, 8 students had moderately adequate knowledge. None of them had inadequate knowledge. 3.11. Changes Brought After pilot Study: After the pilot study changes were made in the questionnaire. CHAPTER -IV DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION Data analysis is the process of analyzing the data in such a way that the research questions can be answered (Hungler and Polit, 2004). This chapter deals with analysis and interpretation of data collected from students of Priyadarshini high school in Pithapuram, A.P. Students knowledge on preventive measures of suicidal ideation w

Free Will Philosophy Essay

I strongly believe that W.T. Stace is correct while arguing for the view of soft determinism, also known as compatibilism. Stace believes in compatibilism, which states that determinism is true, but free will still does exist. He puts both views together by studying the definition of free will. Stace asks, â€Å"How can anyone be punished or rewarded for his or her actions if they have no control over their actions?† That statement seemed extremely convincing to me because both d’Holbach and Chisholm supported one side of the argument. d’Holbach and Chisholm argued that we are either strictly determined by the laws of nature and physics or that we are not determined, rather being we have the power to do as we choose. Stace on the other hand, put both positions together and made them work together. He explained that the laws of nature and physics do have an impact on our choices, but we do have the ability to choose what we want to choose when making a decision. Outside forces may push on our decision, but we are the ones responsible for choosing what we want to choose. He persuasively defends his view of soft determinism by explaining the definition of free will. He states, â€Å"In order for one to define free will, one must look into how the phrase is commonly used.† The way a philosopher interprets free will is different than the way a common person will do so. Stace defines free acts as acts that are directly caused by a person’s internal thoughts or desires coming directly from the person. Not free acts are those that have outside forces pushing a person to do something a certain way such as a threat or harm. This was very different from what other philosophers have stated in the past. By providing examples of free will, Stace points out that free will clearly does exist. It wouldn’t make sense for free will not to exist since it is compatible with determinism.

A Psychoanalytical Approach to the Awakening

The psychoanalytic approach understands us from the point of view of our unconscious and early childhood experiences. The approach is based on Freud’s belief that that there is a structure of the mind that includes the id, the superego and the ego. The plot of The Awakening, revolves around Edna Pontellier and the awakening of her unconscious sexuality, the need for love and her desire of independence. Edna and her family go to a resort to spend their summer.Edna’s husband, Leonce, adores his wife but considers her to be neglectful as a wife and a mother. â€Å"He reproached his wife with her inattention, her habitual neglect of the children. † (Chopin, 2005, Chapter 3, para. 6). At the resort she meets Robert, the owner’s son, and realizes that she can no longer pretend that she is happy with her husband and her children. This unconscious realization is triggered by the sight of the ocean one day. The sight made Edna think of simpler times when she believ ed that she could attain anything.Edna reminisced how about how looking at the ocean reminded her of when she was a teenager and would walk through a meadow that â€Å"seemed as big as the ocean,† (Chopin, 2005, Chapter 7, para. 15). She confided in Madam Ratignolle that â€Å"sometimes I feel this summer as if I were walking through the green meadow again; idly, aimlessly, unthinking and unguided. † (Chopin, 2005, Chapter 7, para. 20) I believe this was her first unconscious realization that she missed not having the responsibilities of being a wife and a mother.Later in the story, the sea becomes a symbol of empowerment. â€Å"As she swam she seemed to be reaching out for the unlimited in which to lose herself. † (Chopin, 205, Chapter 10, para. 10). It was after learning to swim that Edna began to stand up for herself, such as she did when Leonce demanded that she go into the house that evening and she refused. She recalled that in the past she had always succ umbed to his demands without a thought. This was no longer the case with her. Finally, Edna chose to end her life in the ocean.The thought of not being able to have Robert had pushed her to the edge. She also could not bear the thought of forgetting about Robert in the same way that she had forgotten the gentleman that she had crossed the meadow for so many years ago. As she swam out into the water, she was â€Å"thinking of the blue-grass meadow that she had traversed when a little child, believing that it had no beginning and no end. † (Chopin, 2005, Chapter 39, para. 28) References Chopin, K. (2005). The Awakening. Vitalsource Digital Version. Raleigh, NC: Hayes Barton Press.