Nature and nurture: Forming attitudes and behaviors

Nature and sustain: Forming perspectives and practices How far is that human emotions and practices are inherent and how far would they say they are totally learned? This has been an exceptionally disputable issue over century and it is presently seemed to be the nature versus support banter. By birth the equivalent, by custom diverse is a citation by Confucius which implies that all individual are normally indistinguishable, the propensities make every one of each person far separated and not the same as one another. Evolutional point of view which accentuates on human family relationship and social viewpoint which centers around human decent variety are the two fundamental thoughts that ruling the considering human likenesses and contrasts in social orders these days. A few researchers held the sentiment that individuals carry on as they do due to their hereditary cosmetics. This is the thing that we known as the idea of human conduct or mentality. While then again, some researcher guess that individuals think and act as indicated by t he manner in which they are being educated and this is then known as the support of human conduct. A great deal of exploration have been done and demonstrated that the two sides are incompletely right. Nature grants us with intrinsic attributes and ability and support utilizes the earth elements to form and shape these hereditary propensities. As I would see it, I imagine that human practices are generally formed by the earth, in other word sustain have a greater impact in structuring our character and conduct. Evolutional brain science recognizes that nature and sustain associate to shape our conduct and character. Our natural characteristics are not fixed outlines, their demeanor depend on the earth factors. One of the old style models is the trial done by an American clinician John Watson with a youthful vagrant name Albert. The outcome shows that fear could be clarified by old style molding, a natural learning. The little Albert began crying each time he see a fuzzy article since he has discovered that the textured item will continually join by a noisy Bang stable that going to frighten him. Other clinician like B.F. Skinner, the dad of social science has additionally done trials which created moving pigeons and demonstrated that human conduct could be molded in comparative manner to the creature. Plus, an examination distributed in New Scientist recommend that comical inclination isn't hereditarily intrinsic however an educated characteristic that initiate by individuals and social. Cl early, condition unquestionably assumes a job in molding people conduct and characteristics. On the off chance that this isn't the situation, the indistinguishable twins ought to be actually the equivalent hypothetically even they have been raised in better place. In any case, considers uncover that they are never the very same despite the fact that they are a lot of the same in many viewpoints. Social assorted variety is one of the prevailing components that cause contrasts among individuals. There are a huge number of various culture exist over the world, social assorted variety even exist inside country. Malaysia is an excellent model for social assorted variety inside country, regardless of the diverse of the physical look among Chinese, Indian and Malay, we are largely living under a similar situation and taking a similar food but what make us so particular from one another? Every one of us rehearses diverse culture and convention base on our race and religion, so base on various accept that we held, our conduct and thinking will never be the equivalent despite the fact that we are on the whole essentially living under a similar rooftop. Then again, the social decent variety is considerably increasingly clear when individuals are from various piece of the world. The language, customs, culture, and expressive practices that change starting with one nation then onto the n ext nation make individuals not quite the same as one another. Also, because of the variables above, individuals from various piece of the world could hold distinctive sentiment about a similar issue. A few social orders don't wear shoes in house while different social orders rehearsing it; a few social orders consider investigating people groups eyes while talking is a demonstration of courteousness while some different social orders consider such activity as ill bred. Notwithstanding that, change in child rearing style in collectivist culture and individualistic culture gives an away from of social assorted variety between various social orders. Child rearing style is extraordinarily affected by the social setting of a specific culture in light of the fact that the social setting will have sway on guardians virtues, accept, and socialization objectives. In this way, what is consider typical in one culture perhaps named as unusual at another culture. Studies have demonstrated that independence and cooperation social orders regularly hold various perspectives and worth when showing their youngster. The child rearing style in community social orders accentuate on acquiescence, self-control and the significance to do well in school. Besides, the kids are relied upon to live with their folks until they get wed. While on the opposite side of the token, the guardians in the independence social orders treat their youngsters absolutely in a contrary manner. They urge their youngsters to voice out their feeling and retaliate at whatever point the kids think they are right. The guardians in independence social orders, typically the westerners give significantly more opportunity to their youngsters contrast with the guardians in cooperation social orders. Besides, the offspring of the westerners are relied upon to live with their own when they arrive at the age of 18 since they are considered as grown-up and should have the option to remain on their own feet. In this ma nner, we can envision that how enormous the distinctive is it when individuals are being raised with various culture. At some point, all the individuals carry on in a similar way under certain circumstance; this has nothing to do with our natural quality however is because of the normal practice. Normal practices are additionally one of the elements that direct human practices and mentalities. Standards is the principles for acknowledged and expected conduct which society endorse as legitimate conduct. The greater part of our practices are to a great extent shape by the general public and individuals only occasionally conflict with what the general public anticipate that us should do as we terrified that we will be dismissed by the general public. For example, stop when the traffic light turn red, open the entryway for an old woman, and stay silent in the library. Attempt to envision you talk boisterously while everyone is quietly concentrating in the library, what will occur? Unquestionably everyone will take a gander at you one kind. Moreover, there are additionally standards that we share across various culture. Regardless of what nation are we in and what culture are we rehearsing, we regard our companions protection and don't uncover things said in certainty. This is known as general companionship standards. Other than that, there are additionally all inclusive status standards where individuals will talk in a progressively aware manner when conversing with a higher-status individuals, for instance instructor and talk in an increasingly easygoing manner when the individual is same level as you, for instance companions. Finally, the most popular widespread standards would be the untouchable against inbreeding. Sexual action is disallowed among relative, neither guardians with kids, nor kin with one another. Along these lines, individuals will administer their conduct in any case their hereditary cosmetics so as to evade dismissal from the general population. Without a doubt, hereditary cosmetics makes an immense diverse among male and female. Male and female are destined to be genuinely unique, female is destined to be has 70% progressively fat, 40% less muscle, 5 inches shorter and 40 pounds lighter than male. Be that as it may, organic qualities just make diverse in genders not sexual orientation. Sex is the qualities individuals allot to male and female. Once more, the general public dole out explicit sexual orientation job for people so the general public can work well with every one of the sex do their alloted job and duty appropriately. Numerous individuals imagine that men are destined to be progressively prevailing and apathetic and ladies are destined to be increasingly passionate and delicate which I don't believe is valid. Because of the sexual orientation job distribute to male and female, they are being raised in an alternate route since they were youthful. Men are believed to be progressively free, defensive, and dispassion ate in light of the fact that since hundreds of years prior men have been the leader of the house, they are capable to take care of and ensure the family; while ladies are believed to be increasingly enthusiastic, delicate, and compliance since they are the person who going to bring forth infant, fare thee well and educate of the kid. They don't should be solid in light of the fact that their activity is remain and deal with everything in the house. Subsequently, the sustain causes the two genders carry on in certain manner and I feel that men will stand apart to be increasingly prevailing is because of the sexual orientation job that has been allot to them. Men are constantly given need in the work place as their wages are consistently higher contrasted with the ladies who have same situation as them and they are commonplace of those in higher-status positions. Thus, it is unassailable that men have higher status than ladies in the general public and consequently they are increasin gly predominant. Then again ladies are increasingly enthusiastic appended and express sympathy all the more frequently is on the grounds that they are being raised and train in that manner. Thus, the passionate characteristic inside ladies isn't inborn however learns through the families and condition. More or less, nature and sustain associate in shaping our mentalities and practices. However, similarly as I demonstrate the focuses over that in reality sustain has a greater impact than nature in deciding human demeanor and practices. On the off chance that human conduct can be decide with only natural attributes, there won't have such a large number of unsolved inquiry and uncertainty about human reasoning and conduct, nor the ways out of brain research, human science, human sciences to examine the presence, culture, and conduct of person. Nature and culture assume a significant job in the sustain some portion of embellishment our character and conduct. On the off chance that without the presence of social assorted variety, I accept that the entirety of the individuals around the globe will be a lot of likely carry on in a similar way as all of us has a similar culture and the natural characteristics just pl

Critically evaulate the view that international organisations and Essay

Fundamentally evaulate the view that worldwide associations and worldwide administration frameworks are undemocratic - Essay Example In reality, it is a lot of conceivable to see that worldwide foundations, for example, International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank and World Trade Organization (WTO) do assume a functioning job in the administration, political and financial association of numerous nations from around the globe. Significantly, the issue of shortfall of popular government fundamentally emerges from the way that while the country states are at any rate hypothetically responsible to the national common society, the universal foundations are responsible to none. All the country states don't employ equivalent force in huge numbers of the transnational organizations. Additionally, on the off chance that we take a gander at the inward structure and influence balance inside, the greater part of the worldwide establishments are tilting towards the rich nations of the Global South. Worldwide Institutions, Global Governance and Lack of Global Democracy The creation of quickened globalization was described by t he move of administration from the national to the worldwide. The country state is by and large progressively tested by the powers of globalization. At present, the majority rule government is exclusively communicated through national governments and their establishments. At the end of the day, the national parliament is the main homestead of majority rule government. Nonetheless, the ascent of universal associations has prompted their developing grasp on the national economies, governmental issues and arrangements. It is followed the ascent of untouchable powers of neoliberal private enterprise which adequately outperform any thought of national and famous sway. It has prompted a sort of worldwide first class union as there exists no world parliament. In any case, the nonattendance of world parliament doesn't consequently deciphered as the nonappearance of worldwide power. Worldwide sway unquestionably exists as the merged and thought intensity of worldwide market powers and their establishments. It is basically a direct result of this absence of majority rules system inside, the gatherings of global money and exchange foundations pull in tremendous opposition from activists and political gatherings from around the globe. The democratic rights in a significant establishment such worldwide fiscal reserve depends on relative vote wherein ‘one nation, one vote’ guideline isn't followed. Actually, nations get their democratic rights dependent on their monetary offer in the foundation. The United States specifically and the West by and large are likewise ready to apply disproportional impact in the dynamic bodes of IMF and World Bank. One of the serious issues with worldwide administration associations is that they don't legitimately draw their authenticity structure any well known sources. At the end of the day, the authenticity of the worldwide foundations is exclusively relied on their capacity to intercede and act unequivocally in specific circums tances and spots. In spite of the fact that, there is a ton of chat on the rise of a worldwide common society which could adequately counter the absence of vote based system in worldwide administration foundations, nothing yet has emerged. On the other hand, the purported worldwide common society itself is transcendently overwhelmed by numerous Non Governmental Organizations which are responsible not to the individuals however to the financing offices. In the topic of straightforwardness as well, the status of worldwide transnational associations isn't totally different from the worldwide fund or political foundations. Here, the very absence of portrayal of the voice of the creating

MIT Computer Timesharing in the 1960s

MIT Computer Timesharing in the 1960’s MIT science reporter John Fitch interviewing computer science professor Fernando J. Corbato at the MIT Computation Center in 1963. Today, in my  15.565 Digital Evolution: Managing Web 3.0 class, we learned of the philosophy behind cloud computing. Cloud computing is the means by which data is stored, accessed, and shared across a network of servers on the Internet rather than on your personal computer. Think Dropbox and even Google. We learned that this mode of computing is not all that different from a similar concept called computer timesharing back in the 60s, although that looked at solved a different computing problem.   In the 1960s, computers only came in three sizes: large, really large, and giant. And the prices were super expensive. There were no personal computers and so in the workplace you would have to reserve a time slot to use the big office computer, bring all of your files down to it, do what you needed to do, then get off and let the next person on.   MIT helped advance a solution in the 1960s called timesharing.   Utilizing an IBM7090 High Speed General Purpose Digital Computer, different consoles in laboratories and people around New England were set up that allowed hundreds of people to share the same computer to do computations without leaving their seat, drastically boosting productivity and solving one of the largest computer bottleneck issues of the time. MITs Multics (Multiplexed Information and Computing Service) was their extremely influential early timesharing operating system. It started in 1964 and helped timesharing become the dominant mode of computing in the 1970s, before personal computers became popular. The last known running Multics installation shut down October 2000. The location of Multics, along with the rest of the MIT Computation Center, was actually in Building 26, which is now home to MITs most well-known lecture hall, 26-100. The construction of the building, as well as equipment and support staff, were funded in part by IBM, How is timeshare computing similar to cloud computing? Think of your laptop. How many hours a day do you use it? What is your laptop doing all those hours youre not using it? Its asleep, what a waste of processing power. Cloud computing uses servers that stay on 24 hours a day. Multiple people can store their data on this server from far away and access it from anywhere. This lets people collaborate, share, and process data without needing to set up heavy infrastructure in their own homes. Thats how Google serves its hundreds of millions of users. Thats how people can start their own websites without needed. And many agree itll continue evolving as we push foward in the future of computing. Insane stuff walking down the halls of Building 26, having been totally unaware of such important disoveries just a little over 50 years ago.

The History of Corinthian Columns

The word Corinthian describes an ornate column style developed in ancient Greece and classified as one of the Classical Orders of Architecture. The Corinthian style is more complex and elaborate than the earlier Doric and Ionic Orders. The capital or top part of a Corinthian style column has lavish ornamentation carved to resemble leaves and flowers. Roman architect Vitruvius observed that the delicate Corinthian design was produced out of the two other orders. He described the Corinthian column as an imitation of the slenderness of a maiden; for the outlines and limbs of maidens, being more slender on account of their tender years, admit of prettier effects in the way of adornment. Because of their opulence, Corinthian columns are rarely used as common porch columns for the ordinary home. The style is more suited for Greek Revival mansions and public architecture such as government buildings, especially courthouses. Characteristics of Corinthian columns include: Fluted (grooved) shaftsCapitals (the tops of each shaft) decorated with  acanthus leaves and flowers and sometimes small scrollsCapital ornaments that flare outward like bells, suggesting a sense of heightProportion; Vitruvius tells us that the height of their capitals gives them proportionately a taller and more slender effect than Ionic columns Why Are They Called Corinthian Columns? In the worlds first architecture textbook, De architectura (30 B.C.), Vitruvius tells the story of a young girl from the city-state of Corinth. A free-born maiden of Corinth, just of marriageable age, was attacked by an illness and passed away, writes Vitruvius. She was buried with a basket of her favorite things atop her tomb, near the root of an acanthus tree. That spring, leaves and stalks grew up through the basket, creating a delicate explosion of natural beauty. The effect caught the eye of a passing sculptor named Callimachus, who began to incorporate the intricate design onto column capitals. Because the sculptor found this design in Corinth, the columns that bear it became known as Corinthian columns. West of Corinth in Greece is the Temple of Apollo Epicurius at Bassae, thought to be the oldest surviving example of the Classical Corinthian column. This temple from about 425 B.C. is a UNESCO World Heritage site. The Tholos (a round building) at Epidauros (c. 350 B.C.) is thought to be one of the first structures to use a colonnade of Corinthian columns. Archaeologists have determined the tholos to have 26 exterior Doric columns and 14 interior Corinthian columns. The Temple of Olympian Zeus (175 B.C.) in Athens is said to have had more than 100 Corinthian columns. Are All Corinthian Capitals the Same? No, not all Corinthian capitals are exactly alike, but they are characterized by their leafy flowers. The capitals of Corinthian columns are more ornamented and delicate than the tops of other column types. They can easily deteriorate over time, especially when they are used outdoors. Early Corinthian columns were used primarily for interiors spaces, and thus were protected from the elements. The Monument of Lysikrates (c. 335 B.C.) in Athens features some of the earliest examples of exterior Corinthian columns. Replacing deteriorated Corinthian capitals must be done by master craftsmen. During the 1945 bombing of Berlin, the royal palace was heavily damaged, and it was later demolished in the 1950s. With the reunification of East and West Berlin, the palace was reinvented. Sculptors used old photographs to recreate the architectural details in the new facade, in clay and in plaster, noting that not all of the Corinthian capitals were the same. Architectural Styles That Use Corinthian Columns The Corinthian column and the Corinthian Order were created in ancient Greece. Ancient Greek and Roman architecture is collectively known as Classical, and so Corinthian columns are found in Classical architecture. The Arch of Constantine (A.D. 315) in Rome and the Ancient Library of Celsus in Ephesus feature examples of Corinthian columns in Classical architecture. Classical architecture was reborn during the Renaissance in the 15th and 16th centuries. Later derivatives of Classical architecture include the Neoclassical, Greek Revival, and Neoclassical Revival architectures of the 19th century, and the Beaux Arts architecture of the American Gilded Age. Thomas Jefferson was influential in bringing the Neoclassical style to America, as seen in the Rotunda at The University of Virginia in Charlottesville. Corinthian-like designs can also be found in some Islamic architecture. The distinctive capital of the Corinthian column comes in many forms, but the acanthus leaf appears in most designs. Professor Talbot Hamlin suggests that Islamic architecture was influenced by the acanthus leaf design: Many mosques, like those at Kairouan and Cordova, used actual ancient Corinthian capitals; and later Moslem capitals were often based on the Corinthian scheme in general pattern, although the tendency toward abstraction gradually removed all remaining signs of realism from the carving of the leaves. Famous Buildings With Corinthian Columns In the United States, famous buildings with Corinthian columns include the U.S. Supreme Court Building, the U.S. Capitol, and the National Archives Building, all of which are in Washington, D.C. In New York City, buildings with these columns include the New York Stock Exchange Building on Broad Street in Lower Manhattan and the James A. Farley Building, which is across the street from Penn Station and Madison Square Garden. In Rome, check out the Pantheon and the Colosseum, where Doric columns are on the first level, Ionic columns on the second, and Corinthian columns on the third. Great Renaissance cathedrals throughout Europe are apt to show off their Corinthian columns, including St. Pauls Cathedral and St Martin-in-the-Fields in London.

Tyco International Scandal Case Analysis - 3560 Words

TYCO INTERNATIONAL SCANDAL A CASE STUDY Soubhagya Ranjan Swain(14B149) 1st Semester BBALLB ABSTRACT TYCO INTERNATIONAL SCANDAL Tyco international is the world’s largest maker and servicer of electrical components. Former CEO Dennis Koslowski, former CFO Mark Swartz and former General Counsel Mark Belnick were accused of giving themselves interest free or very low interest loans and also took money disguised as bonuses,that were never approved by the Tyco board or repaid.There existed the controversial â€Å"key employee loan† and â€Å"loan forgiveness† programs. SEC began an investigation after an analyst reported questionable accounting practices in 1999. Kozlowski and Swartz were found guilty in 2005. Both are serving 8 1/3-to-25-year prison sentences. The ethical issues evident in the case study are conflict of interest, accounting fraud, embezzlement of company’s fund, misappropriation of funds and inappropriate discharge of employees. Corporate culture or lack of it can influence actions, decisions and trends in an organization. INTRODUCTION Upon the arrival of September 12, 2002, national TV displayed the previous (CEO) of Tyco worldwide L. Dennis Kozlowski and previous (CFO) of Tyco International Mark H. Swartz in cuffs in the wake of being arrested and accused of the charges of misappropriating more than $170 million from the organization. They were likewise blamed for taking more than 430 million dollars through deceitful offers of Tyco stock andShow MoreRelatedThe Case Of Tyco International1264 Words   |  6 PagesThe Case of Tyco The objective of this report is to identify whether there are any unethical issues or legal issues existed in Tyco International. Moreover, we should be able to describe relevant ethical issues and thus apply the concepts into the real life example. 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Buddhism history Free Essays

There are various religions in the world which people follow for their spiritual quest. Buddhism is one of the religions and disciplines that some groups of people adhere. Buddhism branched out from Hinduism that is considered as the reformation movement of the religion. We will write a custom essay sample on Buddhism history or any similar topic only for you Order Now The founder of Buddhism is Siddharta Gautama who was born in the warrior caste of India known as the Shakya clan (â€Å"Background of Gautama and Buddhism†, 2008). Born in leisure and luxury, Siddharta was shielded from the harsh realities of life and the suffering in life. One day when Siddharta made his rare trips outside the palace, he saw an old man, a sick man and a dead man which was his first encounter and witness personally the suffering of human life (Burns, 2009). After the mentioned experience, he decided to seek the truth that was hidden from him his whole life. He tried to attain the truth through the supervision of the Brahmin priests but he was disillusioned by the teachings of Hinduism. His self-mortification brought him closer to death instead of enlightenment (â€Å"Background of Gautama and Buddhism†, 2008). He decided to take a new path in search of enlightenment. He dedicated his life in meditation as he sat under a fig tree known as the Bodhi tree or the tree of wisdom. Through this, he attained the highest degree of consciousness referred to as Nirvana. Siddharta surpass the challenges and temptations and attained enlightenment. He was known to have found the way to escape the cruel causality of samsara or the cycle of rebirths. He also discovered the Four Noble Truths or the wisdom of Realization. Siddharta Gautama was known as the â€Å"enlightened one† as he found the answers on various life’s questions and why there is the existence of pain and suffering (â€Å"Background of Gautama and Buddhism†, 2008). One of the teachings of Buddhism is the samsara or the cycle of rebirths and the never-ending journey. It is described as the process of continuous birth, growing old, suffering and death (Buddhism Teacher, 2008). Samsara is a Sanskrit word for â€Å"journeying†. In Buddhism, as well as in other religions such as Hinduism and Jainism, samsara is defined as the cycle of birth, death and rebirth. Samsara is sometimes depicted as the opposite of Nirvana. However, in Mahayana school of Buddhism, Nirvana and Samsara are viewed as mental representations that a person appreciates the true nature of the world (O’Brien, 2009). Many people perceive samsara as a place, instead, it is a process to keep creating worlds and how people will move into the world. The worlds we create are associated with suffering from the date of our birth up to our adulthood (Bhikku, 2002). Samsara is the continuous life cycle of a person. It is believed that people are being born again as another person or entity. In India, some people are believed to be born in another caste or in another life situation. Samsara is also associated with Karma which is also another teaching in Buddhism wherein the life situation or the present existence of a person is based on the past life events. Karma explains to us the concept of cause and effect and helps us understand the idea of samsara. It explains to us in understanding interdependency, interconnectedness and unity (Buddhism Teacher, 2008). Karma is also taught in other religions like Hinduism that explains the punishment on the sins committed on the past life. It explains why some people are born in better life situations that the others. Some people believed that when they have done good in their present life, they will be rewarded in their future life. Buddhism is one of the religions that attempt to explain the worldly views and questions that concerns life’s sufferings and reincarnation. Buddhism incorporates the attainment of enlightenment or realization of the truth in life that will enable us to fully understand the ongoing events and our current life’s situation. Buddhism relates to the people of various social classes who follow an esteemed and righteous path for spiritual wellness. References Background of Gautama and Buddhism. (2008). Let Us Reason Ministries. Retrieved May 22, 2009, from Bhikku, T. (2002). Samsara. Esolibris. Retrieved May 22, 2009, from Burns, M. G. (2009). Archangels Wisdom. Retrieved May 22, 2009, from Buddhism Teacher. (2008). Samsara. Retrieved May 22, 2009, from O’Brien, B. (2009). Samsara. About. com. Retrieved May 22, 2009, from How to cite Buddhism history, Papers

Great Expectations By Charles Dickens Essay Thesis Example For Students

Great Expectations By Charles Dickens Essay Thesis This passage is from the second part of the book Great Expectations by Charles Dickens. This is the part at which Pip has arrived in London and is on his way to go and see Jagers. His is told to wait as Jagers in a court meeting and when he mentions that he wishes to go out to have a look is suggested to go onto Smithfield. This extract then goes on to describe in depth the first, yet lasting, thoughts that Pip gets of London and the experiences that add to this image that is created. It is a very descriptive extract that is both narrative at the same time. The first impressions that we read about London from Pip are extremely powerful describing words that portray a negative image of London. He uses words such as shameful place, all asmear with filth and fat and blood and foam. This creates a very dirty image in my mind of London and how he sees it. Also the repetitive usage of and creates emphasis on the fact that London is extremely unclean and polluted. This is significant as you can compare it to his village of Kent where he comes from. This showed me how he has changed in his opinion of London from what he dreamed about. He thought that London was a place of beauty but rather he comes and on his first day encounters such filthy settings and places. This just shows how he may slowly be gaining an appreciation of his home more than before. Another interesting impression that Pip describes about London is the fact that he noticed a Church NEXT to a Prison. It shows that such things were not planed out correctly. How can you have a Church next to a Prison? A place of worship next to a place were the cruellest people are kept? It shows how even now, Pip has begun to notice and questions things that he sees, how he is more judgmental of his dream city. Another characteristic that I noticed was the fact that there were a large number of drunken people loitering about. According to Pips description, these people were standing outside the courtroom listening in on what was happening. This to me shows the social degradation that is present in the London society and it shows to Pip how different people are between both his hometown and London. It was not what he expected. But is something that he is likely to encounter as his time in London progresses. What happened next was something that I did not predict or expect to happen. This was the encounter with the drunken minister of Justice. This came as a surprise for me but it did serve as an excellent way to portray Pips impressions. The drunk Judge shows the depravity as well as the corruption of the Justice system. Both are shown by the not only the drunken appearance of the Judge but also by the way in which the Judge tried to form a transaction with Pip in order to show him what a court room is like. This shows the level at which the people of London have stooped down to, the level that even those who are to uphold justice, give fairness between people and sustain equality are unable to do that. This has a lasting effect on Pips outlook and the type of person who he becomes later on during the course of the novel. We even see a small form of a supposed sense of humour from Pip who tells us how the Judge was even kind enough to show him the gallows, the area where people are publicly whipped, the room from which the culprits are brought from and even went on to tell Pip how there was to be four hangings in two days time. This humorous perspective is Pips way of being sarcastic in my estimation. He is trying to show how backward London really and truly is. It also showed me the apparent innocence of Pips character at this stage as he narrates, This was horrible, and gave me a sickening idea of London.